What roles do Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda perform?

The attacks by the M23 rebels on vast lands in the east, rich in minerals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, have caused humanitarian and diplomatic crises involving several neighboring countries.

An astounding number of African troops already have troops deployed in conflict zones. This has a long history of external interference.

Dr. Congo is very vast and two-thirds of the size of Western Europe, he is a member of both the Eastern and South African blocs.

Groups from the two regional areas are working together to hold an emergency summit on Saturday to end the battle.

So who is the main players and what do they want?

First and foremost, it’s Felix Zisekedi, President of Congo. He wants to reclaim lost territory to rebels, including Goma, the largest town in the east, and prevent them from robbing more.

He accused Rwandan leader Paul Kagame of supporting the M23 with weapons and military forces, and aimed at Kigali to plunder the country’s mineral wealth and adjusting for change in the regime. accused of invading the territory of the country.

The case of Rwanda supporting the attack on the M23 is based on the evidence presented in the UN report and is widely accepted by many African and Western governments who demanded that Kagame withdraw the troops.

However, no one responded to Tshisikedi’s frustration by matching rhetoric with his actions and Kinshasa’s call for sanctions and other strict measures.

Congolese leaders are also worried about maintaining seats.

“I think his government’s political survival is at stake,” said Jason Stearns, a former UN investigator for Dr. Congo and now a professor at Simon Fraser University.

There are concerns that the M23 campaign could burn internal opposition and trigger a coup of the military.

In this conflict, Kagame, a longtime leader in Rwandan, is at the heart of the attention, but he distracts it and practices.

He has a long history of military intervention among the Dr. Congo, which is linked to the aftermath of the 1994 Rwandan Genocide.

Rwanda does not allow it to provide military support to the M23, but repeatedly insists on doing whatever it takes to protect itself.

Kagame argues that Rwandan’s priorities are to destroy the armed groups formed by the Hutu genocide perpetrators who slaughtered the Tuttis in Rwandan and fled to the present-day Dr. Congo.

He accused Dr. Congo’s army of joining forces with them and others of not only slaughtering the Congo Tuttis, which the M23 claims are fighting to protect, but also threatening Rwanda.

At the diplomatic level, Rwanda wants to confirm that story – conflict is a matter of Congo, and Kigali simply defends the border against the outflow of the Civil War.

They require Kinshasa to negotiate directly with the M23.

But what really is, he says, is to “maintain the scope of influence in the eastern Congo.”

Rwanda has economic and security benefits.

Kigali has denied evidence that he smuggled a huge amount of gold and other metals from Dr. Congo and sold them as their own. But Dr. Congo’s access to mineral wealth has been the driving force behind the conflict in the region for decades.

This time there is a personal hostility, especially between Kagame and Tsushisekedi.

“Kagame hopes to teach Tshisekedi a lesson about the strong man in the bloc,” says Richard Monklief, who monitors Africa’s Great Lakes region for the African International Crisis Group (ICG). Ta.

The Rwandans “will continue to fight until he makes concessions and… give them a rather free rein in the eastern province of North Kivu,” he added.

Rwanda sees Burundi’s troops as another security threat to the Eastern Congo.

Over the years, there were thousands of soldiers in countries that crossed the border with both Rwanda and the Doctor of Congo. They went to hunt down Burundi rebels, but now they support Kinshasa’s army in the fight against the M23.

Rwanda and Burundi’s relationship is hostile. Both countries have similar ethnic compositions, but unlike Rwanda, the majority of Hutus hold power in Burundi. Both countries accused each other of trying to overthrow their respective governments.

Burundi President Evaliste Ndanishimier has issued a strong verbal warning to social media.

“If Rwanda continues to conquer, he wrote, “I know that war will even arrive in Burundi… One day, he (kagame) wants to come to Burundi – we I’m not going to accept it. The war will spread.”

The threat increases as the M23 continues their progress from Goma to South Kivu province and continues their progress towards South Kivu province, near the Burundi border, where its forces are stationed.

“What Burundi is looking for here is the survival of the government,” Stearns said.

“Burundi is worried that Rwandan forces will expand their influence to South Kivu, which could make Bujumbura’s government unstable. What is at stake here is before they get close to their homes. It’s about stopping this rebellion.”

Some fear that two wars that involved the region in the late 1990s will be repeated.

This time, a direct clash between the two troops could potentially widen Dr. Congo’s conflict across the border.

Uganda is not directly involved, but there are also troops in eastern Congo.

They are hunting out radicals of Ugandan origins associated with Islamic state groups, while the Congolese government supports them with different security threats.

However, Uganda’s role is confused. It is said to be working with the Congolese people, and at the same time providing at least collusional support to the M23. UN experts report that they have allowed Uganda’s territory to be used as a rear base and supply route.

Kampala strongly denies this. However, they responded to the M23’s attacks by placing the troops in a “protective posture forward” to prevent other armed groups from exploiting the crisis.

Local residents report seeing Ugandan soldiers moving towards conflict zones increased the fear of escalation in the region.

Like Rwanda, Uganda has previously entered the Eastern Congo Dr. and claims it has protected its borders. But it is also accused of looting natural resources, especially gold.

Analysts hope to keep an eye on Rwandans while protecting their financial interests.

“It’s very clear that Uganda will retain its own influence in the eastern Congo and will not be pushed out by its rivals in Rwanda,” says ICG’s Monkleef.

South Africa has donated most of its troops to the South African regional troops fighting alongside the Congolese troops, causing great losses.

But for the surprising, malicious exchange between Kigali and Johannesburg, it also plunges into the headlines.

South Africans condemned the deaths of 14 soldiers in Rwandan’s defense forces, and President Cyril Ramaphosa was called the “RDF militia.”

His defense minister claimed he warned Kagame that any further gunfire would be considered a declaration of war.

This infuriated the Rwandan president. He called the South Africans a “belief” force that had to leave Dr. Congo, saying that the explanation of their conversation was “a lie.”

This is the sharpest end of the widespread division between the East African Community (EAC) and the South African Development Community (SADC).

The EAC supports Rwandan’s call for direct consultations between Kinshasa and M23.

The SADC condemned the RDF attacks on soldiers, including the Tanzanian and Malawian forces, reaffirming Dr. Congo’s commitment to independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity.